Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Often Tied With Pyuria - Most Frequent Relationship

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Often Tied With Pyuria - Most Frequent Relationship

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common health issue, affecting approximately 8 to 10 million people each year. Symptoms of UTIs can include frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, blood in the urine, foul-smelling urine, pelvic pain, fever, stomach pain, unusual discharge, nausea, or vomiting. However, UTIs are not always caused by bacterial infections. One such case is sterile pyuria, a condition characterised by the presence of white blood cells (pus) in urine without bacterial growth.

Sterile pyuria can be caused by various factors, both infectious and non-infectious. Infectious causes may include sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, viral infections such as adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and BK virus, fungal infections like Candida species, and atypical bacteria like Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma species.

Non-infectious inflammatory causes of sterile pyuria can include interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, foreign bodies in the urinary tract, dermatologic or autoimmune conditions, and certain medications. Other causes may be anatomic abnormalities or trauma, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and chemical irritation or inflammation due to specific drugs.

Diagnosing sterile pyuria requires a urinalysis, which can help distinguish between infectious and non-infectious causes of urine symptoms and confirm UTIs. Further diagnostic evaluation, including targeted cultures and molecular tests, history, and physical examination, is needed to determine the specific cause.

It is essential to address sterile pyuria promptly to prevent serious complications like sepsis or renal damage. Preventive measures for UTIs include drinking enough water, maintaining good hygiene, and using appropriate antibiotics for recurring infections.

References: - Sterile pyuria defined: persistent WBCs in urine without bacterial growth [3] - Common causes include STIs, viral/fungal infections, interstitial cystitis, foreign bodies [1][2][3] - Other non-infectious factors like medications, trauma, and GSM [3] - Pyuria is defined as the presence of 10 or more white blood cells per cubic millimetre (mm3) of centrifuged urine. - Pyelonephritis, an infection of the kidneys, can cause fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and side or upper back discomfort. - Urethritis, an infection of the urethra, can cause burning and discharge during urination.

1. UTIs, a prevalent health issue, affect about 8 to 10 million individuals yearly.
2. Symptoms of UTIs may include frequent urination, burning sensations, blood in urine, foul smell, pelvic pain, fever, stomach pain, unusual discharge, nausea, vomiting, or none of these symptoms.
3. Sterile pyuria is a condition characterized by white blood cells in urine without bacterial growth.
4. Infectious causes of sterile pyuria can stem from STIs, viral or fungal infections, atypical bacteria, and specific medications.
5. Non-infectious causes may include interstitial cystitis, foreign bodies, dermatologic or autoimmune disorders, and anatomic abnormalities or trauma.
6. Diagnosing sterile pyuria necessitates a urinalysis and further evaluation to determine the specific cause.
7. Addressing sterile pyuria promptly is crucial to avoid complications like sepsis or renal damage.
8. Preventive measures for UTIs include drinking plenty of water, maintaining good hygiene, and using appropriate antibiotics for recurring infections.
9. Sterile pyuria has a persistence of 10 or more white blood cells per cubic millimeter (mm3) of centrifuged urine.
10. Pyelonephritis, an infection of the kidneys, can cause fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and side or upper back discomfort.
11. Urethritis, an infection of the urethra, can cause burning and discharge during urination.
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